Unveiling the Foundations of Moral Courage: A Systematic Framework and Meta-Analysis

Abstract

The primary aim of this investigation is to provide a well-structured and systematic framework that enhances the comprehension of emerging trends and the key determinants influencing moral courage. This research endeavor addresses a significant gap in the scholarly literature by addressing the absence of a methodical and coherent literature review exclusively dedicated to the examination of moral courage. It assumes the role of a foundational reference for future inquiries in this area. To acquire data, a meticulous systematic review coupled with a comprehensive meta-analysis was conducted, utilizing CMA2 software. This comprehensive review encompasses the time period from 2000 to 2020, ensuring a thorough analysis of the temporal scope. Sample selection followed a multistage process involving identification, screening, competency assessment, and inclusion criteria. Ultimately, 15 Persian articles were deemed suitable for inclusion in the sample, contributing valuable insights to the study.
Organizational virtue was found to exert the greatest influence, followed in descending order of significance by determinants such as citizenship behavior, attitude, the sense of duty or obligation, managerial acceptance, social capital, age-related factors, and the provision of support. By exploring the determinants and emerging trends of moral courage, this study contributes to a deeper understanding of this important construct. The findings serve as a valuable resource for researchers and practitioners in the field, facilitating future investigations and interventions aimed at promoting moral courage in various contexts.